Main components of lithium battery electrolyte
Update：9/27/2022 2:55:17 PM View : 1831
The electrolyte of lithium battery is the carrier of ion transport in the battery, which plays a role in conducting ions between the positive and negative electrodes of lithium battery, just like the "love bond" between the positive and negative electrodes, and is the guarantee for lithium battery to obtain high voltage, high specific energy and other advantages. What are the main components of lithium battery electrolyte?
1、 Use of lithium battery electrolyte
Lithium ion battery electrolyte is generally prepared by mixing high-purity organic solvent, electrolyte lithium salt, necessary additives, etc. in a certain proportion. Lithium salts mainly include lithium perchlorate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluorophosphate, etc. The basic requirements of electrolyte for lithium salt include: soluble in organic solvent, high conductivity of solution, good chemical stability, good electrochemical stability, environmentally friendly and relatively low cost. Considering the above performances, lithium hexafluorophosphate is the best one. Therefore, most lithium salts used in lithium ion batteries at this stage are lithium hexafluorophosphate.
2、 Classification of electrolyte for lithium battery
Electrolyte is generally prepared from high-purity organic solvent, electrolyte lithium salt, necessary additives and other raw materials under certain conditions and in a certain proportion.
Its main components are as follows:
1. Vinyl carbonate: molecular formula: C3H4O3, transparent colorless liquid (>35 ℃), crystalline solid at room temperature, is a good solvent for polyacrylonitrile and polyvinyl chloride.
2. Propylene carbonate, colorless and odorless, or light yellow transparent liquid, soluble in water and carbon tetrachloride, and miscible with ether, acetone, benzene, etc. This product should be stored in a cool, ventilated, dry place, away from fire sources, and stored and transported according to the general low toxic chemicals regulations.
3. Diethyl carbonate, colorless liquid, slightly odorous; Steam pressure 1.33kPa/23.8 ℃; The flash point is 25 ℃, and the flammable liquid can volatilize into vapor and run into the air.
4. Dimethyl carbonate is a non-toxic, environmentally friendly and widely used chemical raw material; At the same time, it has higher evaporation temperature and faster evaporation speed.
5. Methyl ethyl carbonate, a colorless transparent liquid, is a high-tech chemical product with high added value emerging in recent years. It is an excellent solvent for lithium battery electrolyte. This product should be stored in a cool, ventilated and dry place, and stored and transported according to the regulations for flammable chemicals.
6. Lithium hexafluorophosphate, white crystal or powder, strong deliquescence; It decomposes when exposed to air or heated, and lithium hexafluorophosphate rapidly decomposes in the air due to the action of water vapor when exposed to air or heated, releasing PF5 and generating white smoke.
1、 Use of lithium battery electrolyte
Lithium ion battery electrolyte is generally prepared by mixing high-purity organic solvent, electrolyte lithium salt, necessary additives, etc. in a certain proportion. Lithium salts mainly include lithium perchlorate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluorophosphate, etc. The basic requirements of electrolyte for lithium salt include: soluble in organic solvent, high conductivity of solution, good chemical stability, good electrochemical stability, environmentally friendly and relatively low cost. Considering the above performances, lithium hexafluorophosphate is the best one. Therefore, most lithium salts used in lithium ion batteries at this stage are lithium hexafluorophosphate.
2、 Classification of electrolyte for lithium battery
Electrolyte is generally prepared from high-purity organic solvent, electrolyte lithium salt, necessary additives and other raw materials under certain conditions and in a certain proportion.
Its main components are as follows:
1. Vinyl carbonate: molecular formula: C3H4O3, transparent colorless liquid (>35 ℃), crystalline solid at room temperature, is a good solvent for polyacrylonitrile and polyvinyl chloride.
2. Propylene carbonate, colorless and odorless, or light yellow transparent liquid, soluble in water and carbon tetrachloride, and miscible with ether, acetone, benzene, etc. This product should be stored in a cool, ventilated, dry place, away from fire sources, and stored and transported according to the general low toxic chemicals regulations.
3. Diethyl carbonate, colorless liquid, slightly odorous; Steam pressure 1.33kPa/23.8 ℃; The flash point is 25 ℃, and the flammable liquid can volatilize into vapor and run into the air.
4. Dimethyl carbonate is a non-toxic, environmentally friendly and widely used chemical raw material; At the same time, it has higher evaporation temperature and faster evaporation speed.
5. Methyl ethyl carbonate, a colorless transparent liquid, is a high-tech chemical product with high added value emerging in recent years. It is an excellent solvent for lithium battery electrolyte. This product should be stored in a cool, ventilated and dry place, and stored and transported according to the regulations for flammable chemicals.
6. Lithium hexafluorophosphate, white crystal or powder, strong deliquescence; It decomposes when exposed to air or heated, and lithium hexafluorophosphate rapidly decomposes in the air due to the action of water vapor when exposed to air or heated, releasing PF5 and generating white smoke.